mitochondria. it is thought that none come through the male side, though a very small minority of scientists speculate that some could get through and not be killed by foreign mitochondria detection in the egg. some think this may be a source of male prepotency, though this is likely due to methylation, homozygosity.
mitochondria exist outside the nucleous, where the genomic DNA is (inside the nucleous), even though the genes for mitochodria are inside the nucleous.
hence, only female mitochodria are transmitted from generation to generation as they exist in every egg cell. they supposedly are highly conserved and don't mutate much, probably much less than the y chromosome of males, though at some point in the future they may have the same mutation rate. if Y mutates too much and too many males can't reproduce,there may be pressure on females to be self fertile like komodo dragons and other organisms. "eve" is simply an attempt to identify the mitochondria that have the oldest and most diverse set of polymorphism that all the other ones have. eve is not universally accepted.
the rate of mutation (in mitochondria) can be compared between racial types, ie caucasion, asian, african etc, and since it is thought everyone is out of africa, debatable too, that the most diverse mitochondria are in the african population, also the same in genomic DNA. the reason for this is that other "races" other than african, is that they have gone through bottlenecks of selection pressure, similar to eliminating PHAC from the population, even though the other allele may prove to be useful, which it has been, as there have been a lot of PHAF from carrier lines that are outstanding.
i'll look up the Neanderthals and others.
there are genes such as the speaking gene, the big brain gene. perhaps one of the most interesting genes for this discussion is the one where a family somewhere in china or eastern europe, i can't remember, where they grunt, have limited vocabulary if any, and kinda run around on all fours. of course the big brain gene is an immediate path down racism as you could easily deduce which populations have maximum penetration of this gene. also, genes like the one that gives resistance to plague, also gives resistance to aids, largley in about 10% of causcasion populations. it could get to the point where goverment could say one is obligated to crossbreed with those that don't have it to save human life. the path down this avenue is not too far fetched.
is the above LAYMEN enough?